Neuroprotective Effect of Membrane-Free Stem Cell Extract against Amyloid Beta (25-35)-Induced Neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y Cells

Abstract

Amyloid beta (A beta) produced by the amyloidogenic pathway induces neurotoxicity, and its accumulation is a well-known cause of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, the protective effect of membrane-free stem cell extract (MFSCE) derived from adipose tissue against A beta(25-35)-induced neurotoxicity in the neuronal cells was investigated. Treatment with MFSCE increased cell viability and decreased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release in a dose-dependent manner, compared with the A beta(25-35)-induced group. The level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was significantly increased in neuronal cells induced by A beta(25-35), whereas MFSCE treatment dose-dependently reduced ROS production. Treatment with MFSCE attenuated neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis by downregulating inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, and B-cell lymphoma 2-associated X protein in treated SH-SY5Y cells induced by A beta(25-35). Furthermore, MFSCE significantly downregulated the expression of the amyloidogenic pathway-related proteins, such as amyloid precursor protein, beta-secretase, preselin-1, and preselin-2. Therefore, this study indicated a neuroprotective effect of MFSCE against neurotoxicity induced by A beta(25-35), suggesting that it is a useful strategy for the treatment of AD.