Correlates of gratitude disposition in middle school students: Gender differences

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Gratitude disposition is positively associated with happiness. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to identify influencing factors on gratitude disposition by gender differences in middle school students. METHODS: Cross-sectional study using self-reported questionnaires were administered to participants (n = 372) aged between 13 similar to 15 years in Seoul and Chungnam Province in Korea. The collected data were analyzed with SPSS18.0 statistical program, and frequency analysis and logistic regression analysis were used in the research. RESULTS: The mean score of family abuse of boys was significantly higher than girls' score (t = 3.016, p = 0.003). In subscales of development assets, empowerment (t = 2.264, p = 0.024), boundaries and expectation (t = 2.476, p = 0.014), and commitment to learning (t = 1.971, p = 0.049) were significantly higher in boys. The results of logistic regression analysis showed that age (OR 0.334, CI 0.130 similar to 0.862), peer relationship (OR 2.280, CI 1.124 similar to 4.623), social support (OR 2.584, CI 1.176 similar to 5.676), positive identity (OR 3.138, CI 1.256 similar to 7.840) were significantly associated with gratitude disposition for boys, while school violence (OR 0.050, CI 0.003 similar to 0.907) and positive identity (OR 2.937, CI 1.313 similar to 6.567) were significantly associated with gratitude disposition for girls. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that it is important to protect adolescents from family abuse and school violence, furthermore, developmental assets should be developed to increase to gratitude disposition.