Manufacture and Physicochemical Properties of Chitosan Oligosaccharide/A2 beta-Casein Nano-Delivery System Entrapped with Resveratrol

Abstract

The purposes of this research were to form chitosan oligosaccharide (CSO)/A2 beta-casein nano-delivery systems (NDSs) and to investigate the effects of production variables, such as CSO concentration levels (0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.3%, w/v) and manufacturing temperature (5 degrees C, 20 degrees C, and 35 degrees C), on the production and physicochemical characteristics of CSO/A2 beta-casein NDSs to carry resveratrol. The morphological characteristics of CSO/A2 beta-casein NDSs were assessed by the use of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and particle size analyzer. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was applied to determine the entrapment efficiency (EE) of resveratrol. In the TEM images, globular-shaped particles with a diameter from 126 to 266 nm were examined implying that NDSs was successfully formed. As CSO concentration level was increased, the size and zeta-potential values of NDSs were significantly (p<0.05) increased. An increase in manufacturing temperature from 5 degrees C to 35 degrees C resulted in a significant (p<0.05) increase in the size and polydispersity index of NDSs. Over 85% of resveratrol was favorably entrapped in CSO/A2 beta-casein NDSs. The entrapment efficiency (EE) of resveratrol was significantly (p<0.05) enhanced with an increase in manufacturing temperature while CSO concentration level did not significantly affect EE of resveratrol. There were no significant (p<0.05) changes observed in the size and polydispersity index of NDSs during heat treatments and storage in model milk and yogurt indicating that CSO/A2 beta-casein NDSs exhibited excellent physical stability. In conclusion, the CSO concentration level and manufacturing temperature were the crucial determinants affecting the physicochemical characteristics of CSO/A2 beta-casein NDSs containing resveratrol.