Effects of Host-Specific Multi-Lactic Acid Bacterial Probiotics on Performance, Carcass Traits, Meat Quality, and Gut Microbiome in Fattening Pigs

초록

This study evaluated the effects of a host-specific multi-lactic acid bacterial (MLAB) probiotic and sex on performance, carcass traits, meat quality, and gut microbiota in fattening pigs. Thirty-two crossbred pigs (10 +/- 0.80 weeks; 23.43 +/- 0.17 kg) were assigned to a 2 & times; 2 factorial design with diet (control or MLAB probiotics) and sex (barrow or female). The MLAB supplement consisted of seven lactic acid bacterial strains mixed in equal proportions (approximate to 14.3% each)-Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus reuteri, Weissella cibaria, Lactobacillus paraplantarum, Lactococcus lactis, Lactobacillus pentosus, and Pediococcus pentosaceus-administered at 1 & times; 10(9) CFU/kg feed for 12 weeks. MLAB probiotic supplementation reduced bone proportion while increasing skin and fat content (p < 0.05), with a treatment & times; sex interaction for loin eye area (p < 0.05). Meat quality improved in the MLAB group, showing higher ultimate pH and lower cooking loss (p < 0.05), indicating improved water-holding capacity. Female pigs exhibited higher early postmortem pH and protein content (p < 0.05). Microbiome analysis revealed increased abundances of Oxalobacteraceae and Paludibacteraceae and reduced Clostridium sensu stricto 6 (p < 0.05). These results suggest that host-adapted probiotics may support gut microbial balance and improve certain pork quality traits.

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