A Mixture of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide, Decursin, and <sc>l</sc>-Cysteine Lowered Senescence-Associated Markers In Vitro and Was Effective Against 2,4-Dinitrochlorobenzene-Induced Atopic Dermatitis In Vivo: An Application of Network Pharmacology

초록

Skin aging, accelerated by oxidative stress from environmental factors, results in the breakdown of collagen andelastin, causing visible signs like wrinkles and inflammation. Natural antioxidants such as nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN),decursin, and L-cysteine have shown potential in combating oxidative damage and inflammation. This study explored the effectsof a formulated mixture of these compounds on skin aging and atopic dermatitis (AD) through a combination of in vitro, in vivo,and in silico methods. Using human keratinocyte cells, we assessed cytotoxicity via a cell viability assay, confirming NMN andL-cysteine were nontoxic up to 100 lM, while decursin exhibited toxicity above 10 lM. The intracellular oxidative stressmeasurement demonstrated that mixtures A and B, composed of the same concentrations of decursin and L-cysteine but differingin NMN levels (low in mixture A and moderate in mixture B), significantly reduced oxidative stress levels induced by2,2’-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride, whereas mixture C, which contained the highest NMN concentration, was ineffective. Mixture B further reduced senescence-associated heterochromatin foci formation under oxidative stress, while mixture C causedcell structure disruptions. In the dinitrochlorobenzene-induced AD model in BALB/c mice, both, mixture-L and mixture-H treatmentsreduced epidermal thickness, scratching behavior, and transepidermal water loss, with mixture-L also lowering dermal thicknessand mast cell infiltration. Gene expression analysis confirmed that mixture B decreased proinflammatory cytokines like TNF-aand IL-6, while network pharmacology predicted key antioxidant pathways, validated through restored NOS2 gene expression. Overall, the findings highlight the potential of these compound mixtures to mitigate oxidative stress and inflammation, offering apromising approach for skin aging and dermatitis management, though further validation is needed to optimize efficacy and safety.

키워드