Enhanced Strategy on S-band CCSDS Data Format and Packet Management for Geostationary Satellite Operation and Anomaly Detection

Abstract

The Geostationary Korea Multi-Purpose Satellites 2A and 2B (GK2A and GK2B), developed by Korea Aerospace Research Institute (KARI), were launched in 2018 and 2020, respectively. Following their successful launches and early operation phases (LEOP), the satellites settled into geostationary orbit and began daily monitoring of weather, atmospheric, and oceanic conditions surrounding the Korean Peninsula. This study proposes an enhanced S-band Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS) data format and telemetry packet transmission strategy to ensure reliable and efficient satellite data management while supporting real-time anomaly detection. The proposed data format divides the CCSDS data region into two fixed-length telemetry packet transmission zones and an event log transmission area. For each data area, three packet operation strategies are suggested to improve satellite operation efficiency. Additionally, essential telemetry data for each satellite operation mode is categorized, and a method for managing the downlink transmission interval using packet group IDs is proposed to prioritize critical information during key mission phases. This approach includes a method for detecting anomalies within one second, enabling the immediate transmission of anomaly events for prompt response. The effectiveness of the proposed GK2 S-band satellite data format, anomaly detection, and operation strategies are validated using in-orbit telemetry and event data obtained during the LEOP operations of GK2A in 2018.