Survey on Internet of Medical Things Security: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

IoMT is emerging as a key technology that enables efficient physician diagnosis, such as real-time patient monitoring and data collection in modern healthcare. IoMT is used through IoMT devices such as IMD, IoWDs, and APS. IoMT offers benefits such as improved patient care and optimization of medical processes. However, these advancements are accompanied by security vulnerabilities. Therefore, security requirements and security frameworks are required. In this paper, we examine the major security requirements of IoMT, such as patient privacy protection, data encryption, and integrity of medical information. In addition, we analyze unique characteristics and specific threats in the IoMT environment and present security issues. To solve these issues, this paper comprehensively analyzes encryption strategies, authentication protocols, blockchain, AI, and ML proposed in the latest research. This paper is expected to be the cornerstone of the design and verification of essential security elements in IoMT and will make an important contribution to future IoMT security research. © 2025 IEEE.