A Review of Biodegradation Mechanisms and Evaluation Methods for Biobased Materials: Polysaccharides, Lignin, and Biopolyesters

Abstract

With increasing concerns over plastic waste, biobased materials have emerged as promising alternatives due to their renewable origin and potential biodegradability. However, biodegradation varies significantly depending on material composition, structural properties, and environmental conditions. This review explores the biodegradation characteristics of biobased materials, focusing on the key factors influencing their degradation processes. The discussion covers the general biodegradation mechanisms of biobased materials and the role of microbial and enzymatic activity. Structural properties such as crystallinity and polymer composition play a crucial role in determining degradation rates. Additionally, environmental factors, including temperature, moisture, and microbial communities, further impact biodegradability. A comprehensive understanding of these aspects is essential for optimizing material performance and sustainability. This review is expected to provide insights that support the development of biodegradable biobased materials for applications in packaging, textiles, and other sustainable industries.