Comparison of ED-XRF and ICP analyses for determining the geographical origin of dry red peppers

Abstract

The aim of this study is to compare analytical methods (energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (ED-XRF) and inductively coupled plasma (ICP) for determining the geographical origin of dry red peppers. The concentration of inorganic elements was set as a variable, and a geographical origin discrimination analysis was performed using canonical discriminant analysis (CDA) as a chemometrics tool. CDA analysis shows potential as a food analysis tool and is the most commonly used analytical method for determining geographical origin by analyzing inorganic elements. ED-XRF analysis achieved 96.25% accuracy in determining of the geographical origin of dry red peppers, while inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) afforded 98.75% accuracy. Through these results, we aim to compare the pros and cons of the ED-XRF and ICP analysis to utilize a more accurate and efficient approach to determine the geographical origin of agricultural products.