고대중국어 명사의 술어 활용에 관한 小考

Abstract

Nouns are generally used in terms, such as subjects and objects, but some words can be used as a function of part of speech that is different from that specified in the dictionary in a sentence. although there is a dictionary definition that a single word has multiple functions in modern Chinese, basically one word tends to belong to one major part of speech. However, in ancient Chinese, some words are temporarily converted into other parts of speech by changing their basic characteristics in certain circumstances rather than being fixed as a certain part of speech. In particular, nouns in ancient Chinese were often used as verbs temporarily in sentences, and could be used directly as predicates without the help of other words. When a word is used as a different part of speech in a sentence, it is often derived with a new meaning that is different from the original meaning, especially if this phenomenon of use of words used in ancient Chinese is not identified, it may be a completely different content when interpreted as the original part of speech or meaning of words used in sentences. In order to solve these errors, it has not yet been clearly organized whether the use of nouns as predicates is a temporary usage or whether the part of speech transition of nouns into verbs has occurred completely. This paper examines the types of verbs in which nouns appear in ancient Chinese are used as predicates and the possible conditions for the verb usage of nouns. In Chapter 2, various examples are provided to explain how nouns are primarily utilized as predicates in Classical Chinese, helping readers to understand specific linguistic phenomena. In Chapter 3, Various grammatical elements, such as the modification of adverbials, the connection of the conjunction ‘而’, the modification of auxiliary verbs, and the formation of ‘subject-object structure’ with nouns and pronouns, are analyzed, allowing for a clearer grasp of the linguistic characteristics of Classical Chinese. The reason why there are many verb uses of nouns in ancient Chinese is considered to be closely related to ancient Chinese language thinking. Therefore, in order to learn ancient Chinese and accurately understand ancient literature, an understanding of these utilization plans must precede, and it is also considered a clear task for accurate understanding, learning, and guidance of modern Chinese.