Same dream, different ambitions: Charles de Gaulle's Europe and Jean Monnet's Europe in the 1960s.

Abstract

This study examines and compares the visions of de Gaulle and Monnet for Europe, considering both their shared aspirations and perceived differences. Both figures played significant roles in shaping European international relations throughout the 20th century, but their portrayals often diverged. De Gaulle is often characterized as a nationalist figure, while Monnet is often revered as ‘the Father of European Integration'. While the prevailing narrative emphasizes the divergences between De Gaulle and Monnet, it is important to acknowledge that they shared the same dream of a strong Europe built upon a strong France. Both de Gaulle and Monnet recognized the necessity of European integration in maintaining European peace, addressing the 'German Problem' after World War II, and creating a strong and independent Europe. However, they differed significantly in their approaches to constructing Europe, particularly in terms of methods, institutions, and relationships with the United States. These differences often resulted in conflicts between the two leaders, especially regarding the issue of British participation in the EEC and the Europe-United States relationship. By comparing de Gaulle's Europe to Monnet's Europe, this study aims to enhance our understanding of their contributions to European integration and shed light on the complex motivations and ambitions that influenced their visions of Europe.