러시아어 일반사전의 동식물명 표제어: 일상용어와 전문용어의 경계

Abstract

Zoonyms and phytonyms have scientific and common names. The scientific name reflects the scientific world image, while the common name reflects the linguistic world image. Common names provide clues as to how and in what process the language community has accepted the world around them. Scientific names are the result of the development of life science and taxonomy, and they are more stable and accurate than common names. Both scientific and common names have their advantages and disadvantages, and are used in a complementary way. However, Russian zoonyms and phytonyms overlap with the terminology of biology. In English, species and subspecies are referred to by the common names (e.g., wolf, dog, wildcat, and cat), and their Latin scientific names (e.g., Canis lupus, Canis lupus familiaris, Felis silvestris, Felis silvestris catus) are presented in parentheses when necessary. In Korean, species and subspecies have common names. In Russian, волк and собака, лесной кот and кошка are specific and subspecific names, respectively. In Russian, generic names and family names are problematic. In Korean, generic names have the suffix "-속" and family names have the suffix "-과". In English, only Latin scientific names are used. Therefore, generic names and family names are clearly distinguished from specific names. However, Russian words волки and кошки are terminology, which mean Canis and Felis, respectively. At the same time, these words are the general terms for "wolves" and "cats". The term псовые means "Canidae" and "of a dog". These words are not only basic vocabulary, but also have an when ambiguous meaning. As a result, it is recommended to be careful when presenting meaning in a general dictionary. The meaning of lexical unit as a general term and as a technical term should be described separately. In this paper, the author analyzes 9 dictionaries published in Russia and abroad since 1990, critically reviews how these terms were described, and presents a microstructure model for entries of zoonyms and phytonyms in general-purpose Russian dictionary.