Metal-organic framework/mxene heterostructure and its derivatives as electrode materials for rechargeable Zn-based batteries: Design strategies and perspectives

Abstract

Due to their high theoretical energy density, cost-effectiveness, safety, and environmental benefits, zinc-based batteries (ZnBs), encompassing zinc-ion (ZIBs) and zinc-air batteries (ZABs), have emerged as leading candidates for long-duration energy storage. Such burgeoning interest propels research into optimal zinc anodes, ZIB cathodes, and ZAB oxygen electrocatalysts. Even though numerous studies have contributed to the advancement of this technology, the low practical energy density and unfavorable life span still make it necessary to find a reliable and controllable cathode storage chemistry. Herein, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), commended for their superior surface areas and tunability, are seen to be essential for energy applications. The hindrance of low conductivity and stability in many MOFs persists. Integrating MOFs with MXenes, known for their rich functional groups and enhanced conductivity, can counteract these drawbacks. This review elucidates the advancement in MOF/MXene composites, spotlighting synthesis methods, electrochemical behaviors, and carbon derivatives. Furthermore, a critical overview of their role in ZnBs probes the influence of composite structures and outlines future avenues and challenges in harnessing the potential of the MOF/MXene heterostructures. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.