특별군사작전과 몰도바의 민족-언어 문제 다시 보기

Abstract

Moldova, the only Romance language-speaking region of the Soviet Union, has pushed for integration with Romania as a national policy since independence in 1991, sparking resistance from Slavic residents in Pridnestrov’e (Transnistria, Administrative-Territorial Units of the Left Bank of the Dnester), east of the Dnestr River and Gagauz people (Turkic-speaking) in the south. In particular, the Moldovan and Romanian language, which were raised in the 1989 Declaration of Independence, were designated as Romanian, and the transition of the scripts from Cyril to Latin stimulated Russian speakers and Gagauzians to promote independence. Geographically, Slavic residents (Russians and Ukrainians) living in the eastern part of Moldova easily promoted independence, establishing a de facto independent state called the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic. On the contrary, the Gagauz people, who had a small population and lived in a dispersed area, were forced to be satisfied with the Autonomous Territorial Unit of Gagauz-Yeri" within Moldova's territory. However, after Russia's annexation of Crimea in 2014, Pridnestrov’e pursued annexation with Russian Federation, and began to pursue more and more pro-Russia policies. In the event of Moldova's integration with Romania, Gauguija claimed to be a pro-Russian independent state. When Moldova changed to a pro-Western regime in December 2020 and Russia's Special military operation began in February 2022, the Moldovan government has expressed hostility toward Russia and intensified its crackdown on the two regions, indicating the possibility of another war following the Ukraine crisis. It is clear that the forced migration of residents during the Soviet period, the expansion of Russian use and the strong expansion of Russian culture, and Russia's ethnic-language policy that inherited it are still creating an unstable situation in the post-Soviet space. Although these two regions are pro-Russian, it is clear that Russia's Special military operations are sluggish, and furthermore, if Russia loses, the geographical characteristics away from the Russian mainland made it questionable whether it will remain Russian or Russian-speaking areas.