Chronic rhinitis and stress: the possible culprits of midfacial segment pain*

Abstract

Background: Bilateral symmetrical pain in the midfacial region without evidence of sinonasal disease is termed midfacial seg-ment pain (MSP), about which little is known. The present study explored the prevalence of facial pain and the risk factors for MSP.Methods: We analysed cross-sectional data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Those who reported facial pain or pressure lasting at least three months with no evidence of a sinonasal disease on nasal endoscopy were considered to have MSP. The participants were categorised according to the presence of facial pain and chronic rhinosinusi-tis. Basic demographic data and medical conditions, including hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia, were compared between subject groups. We also evaluated psychological stress, depressive episodes, and suicidal thoughts, as well as physician -diagnosed nasal diseases, including chronic rhinitis and symptomatic nasal septal deviation. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to determine risk factors for MSP.Results: Of 31,999 participants, the prevalence of facial pain was 0.59%. A total of 58 (0.18%) respondents had MSP, of whom 40 (73.5%) were female. On univariate analysis, female sex, chronic rhinitis, and psychological stress were more prevalent in the subjects with MSP than the control subjects. However, in the multivariate analysis, only chronic rhinitis and psychological stress remained significant, while the female sex exhibited only marginal significance. Conclusion: Chronic rhinitis and psychological stress may be significant risk factors for MSP.