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Experimental evaluation of mouse hind paw edema induced by iranian naja oxiana venomopen access

Authors
Esmaili, A.Kamyab, M.Fatemikia, H.Ahmadzadeh, H.Movahed, A.Kim, E.Mohammadpour, Dounighi N.Salemy, A.Seyedian, R.
Issue Date
Mar-2021
Publisher
Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute
Keywords
Gelatinase; Iranian Naja oxiana; Paw edema; Phospholipase A2; Venom
Citation
Archives of Razi Institute, v.76, no.1, pp 139 - 147
Pages
9
Indexed
SCOPUS
Journal Title
Archives of Razi Institute
Volume
76
Number
1
Start Page
139
End Page
147
URI
https://scholarworks.gnu.ac.kr/handle/sw.gnu/5608
DOI
10.22092/ari.2019.127569.1387
ISSN
0365-3439
Abstract
Iranian Naja oxiana (the Elapidae family) known as cobra snake inhabits in the northwestern part of Iran. This study aimed to evaluate the edematogenic potency of the crude venom with intraplantar injection into mice. Additionally, the inhibitory effects of three different drugs (i.e., promethazine, dexamethasone, and piroxicam) on paw edema were examined. Moreover, the gelatinase activity of this venom was assessed using the zymography method. Paw edema was induced by the intraplantar injection of different concentrations of the venom (0.5-5 μg dissolved in 50 μl of normal saline) into the mice (six in each group). It was estimated through the measurement of the increase in the paw thickness (%) with a digital caliper. The paws were pretreated and the rate of changes was measured after the venom injection. Pathological findings in the treated paws were evaluated with hematoxylin and eosin staining. Paw thickness reached its maximum amount within 5 min and resolved after 1 h. This venom had no gelatinase activity using the zymography method ruling out its role in edema. It caused non-hemorrhagic diffuse edema with the infiltration of inflammatory cells (i.e., leukocytes and lymphocytes) in the dermis. Intraperitoneal pretreatment with drugs significantly inhibited the venom-induced (1 μg/paw) edema; however, all the mice died unexpectedly a day after piroxicam injection. This in vitro and in vivo preliminary study demonstrated for the first time that N. oxiana venom-induced non-hemorrhagic edema in a short time. Dexamethasone (phospholipase A2 inhibitor; 1 mg/kg) and promethazine (H1 inhibitor; 5 mg/kg) decreased the venom-induced edema (P<0.001). It is suggested to carry out further studies to identify different mediators in venom-induced edema formation. ? 2021 Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute. All rights reserved.
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