Hydrothermal synthesis and electrochemical behaviour of SnO2/C@rGO as an anode material for Na-ion batteries

Abstract

In this work, we report the SnO2 anode material in Na-ion batteries (SIBs) synthesized via hydrothermal in the presence of reduced graphene oxide (rGO). The precursors used in this method to prepare SnO2/C@rGO are hydrazine hydrate and ethylenediamine (ED). The dual strategy has been obtained from ED, which acts as a reducing agent as well as functionalizes the graphene sheets through hydrophilic substitution reactions. Moreover, ED was used as a nitrogen source to create nitrogen-doped graphene (N-graphene). The dual approach will yield sustained long-term cycling for SIBs. In such a way, the structural stability of the composite is maintained to enhance rate capability, and prolong cycle life is obtained. As a result, the composite SnO2/C@rGO-0.8 (SCR-0.8) ED (SCR-0.8) shows a high capacity (750 mAh/g) at a current density of 0.1C-rate. The SCR-0.8 shows superior capacity retention over 500 cycles at a 0.1C-rate in SIBs. An outstanding rate capability was obtained even at a high C-rate (5C (150 mAh/g)). The proposed approach shows the excellent prospect for practical application with low cost and time for Na-ion batteries. ? 2022 Elsevier B.V.