Историческое изменение обозначающих семейное родство слов в русском языке

Abstract

This article is devoted to research of historical changes of terms of the basic consanguinity with application of methods of historical phonetics and morphology. To study historical changes of these terms, comparison of all slavic languages, comparison of slavic and non-Slavic languages were used. It is known that terms of consanguinity in Russian belong to the most ancient words. Such words as mat'(mother), syn(son), doč (daughter), brat(brother), deduška(grandfather), and vnuk(grandson) in Russian concern to common Indo-European words, and such words as otec(father) and babuška(grandmother) in Russian to Common Slavic words. Russian historical phonetical and morphological analyses result in the following conclusions: 1) the Russian words having conformity in non-Slavic and Baltic languages concern to Common Indo-European language; 2) Russian words which are not having conformity both in non-Slavic and Baltic languages concern to Common Slavic language(Eastern Slavic or Old Russian); 3) All analysed Russian words have characteristic features both in historical phonetics and in historical morphology. For example, Russian word otec(father) which is considered common slavic, according to this research, is to Common Indo-European, because etymon of this word occurred from Common Indo-European stem *at-. And Russian word as "mat'", "doč", "brat," "deduška", "vnuk" have a different origin, for example, words mat' and "doč" have suffix *-er(a Common Indo-European origin) in all case except for the nominative case. And comparison of word "vnuk" with "junoša"(a youth) and "junyj"(young) proves presence at them one stem *-ъn-. It gives the basis to approve, that "vnuk" is Common Slavic word with a Old Church Slavic element -ju-.