개혁개방 이후 중국 대학의 구조조정 - 대학의 통폐합을 중심으로

Abstract

This study focuses on the closing and integration of universities as executed since the reform and opening with reconstruction triggering the change in the universities in China. Universities in China have been closed and integrated due to the marketization of advanced education, lack of advanced education financing, and cultivation of competent manpower as demanded by the new era since the reform and opening. Such closing and integration resulted in the rebirth of 428 universities as of 2006 instead of the approx. 1,000 universities in the past through the stages of preparation, development, and completion carried out before and after 1990. Through such closing and integration processes, the universities in China have been converted from college type into universities enjoying state support through selection and concentration and movement of university power from the central government to the local government. Nevertheless, there was insufficient deliberation in some universities prior to closing and integration. In other words, they thought a lot about the formal aspect as a university or the appearance of the university on a large scale only; hence the critical internal problems. In China, further reinforcing and supplementing the autonomous right and self-governance of the university will be required in the future; ditto for making consistent efforts to promote internationalized advanced education instead of being dismissed from the world competition through the management of internal quality.