고려 문종 21년 南京 설치에 대한 재검토 - 공양왕 2년 한양 천도의 합리화 -

Abstract

In 『Go’ryeo-sa』’s Geography section, there is a record of the Namgyeong capital's being established in the 21st year of King Munjong's reign, yet such record is nowhere to be found in the 『Annals of King Sejong's reign』’s own Geography section, or anywhere else for that matter. So it seems that Namgyeong was really constructed during King Sukjong’s reign, and the record of Namgyeong of the Munjong's reign seems to have been actually referring to the Namgyeong establishment which really happened in the 21st year of King Gojong's reign. And it seems such fabrication of records was to justify the capital transfer to the Hanyang city, which took place in the 2nd year of King Gongyang’s reign. This capital transfer during King Gongyang's reign was led by the party of reformists who were also responsible for the reforms of the Gwajeonbeob(科田法) land system. And it was a revival of the capital transfer attempt made during King Wu(禑王)’s reign. Yet those reformists had already defined King Wu's reign as a dismal failure and an example of misgovernance, so they argued that the transfer of King Gongyang was entirely different from such earlier attempt. They had to argue that King Gongyang’s transfer was made in the spirit and tradition of King Munjong’s old and sound governance(文宗舊制), and they subsequently fabricated records by saying the new palace construction which took place in the 21st year of King Gojong’s reign actually happened in the 21st year of King Munjong’s reign. Meanwhile, they also accepted the theory of ‘Jwaso Namgyeong(左蘇京)’ as a theoretical foundation for their argument, and set themselves apart from the theory of ‘Samgyeong[Three capitals]] Circulation of the king(三京巡御)’ of King Wu’s era. Such theory was also borrowed from the past, 21st year of King Gojong’s reign to be exact.