어업인에서 어업종사 기간, 심혈관 위험인자와 관상동맥 석회화의 관계*

초록

= Abstract = Objective: This study aimed to investigate the associations among coronary artery calcification (CAC), cardiovascular risk factors, and duration of fishing work in fishermen with the goal of improving cardiovascular health in this occupational group. Methods: A cross-sectional analysis was conducted among 349 fishermen in Namhae-gun, Korea, who underwent comprehensive health examinations, including CAC scoring using Agatston’s method. Demographic, clinical, and biochemical variables were collected. Participants were categorized into three groups according to CAC score: no CAC (0), mild CAC (1–99), and moderate-to-severe CAC (≥100). Multinomial logistic regression analyses were performed to assess associations between CAC and potential determinants, adjusting for age, sex, duration of fishing work, and conventional cardiovascular risk factors. Results: Among participants, 51.0% had CAC >0 and 21.8% had CAC ≥100. Older age (particularly ≥ 70 years), male sex, longer fishing duration, hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia were significantly associated with higher CAC levels. Hypertension remained an independent predictor of both mild (OR = 2.99, p = 0.003) and moderate-to-severe CAC (OR = 3.66, p = 0.004), while dyslipidemia was independently associated with moderate-to-severe CAC (OR = 2.18, p = 0.026). The duration of fishing work showed an independent association with CAC (OR = 1.03, p = 0.008) even after adjusting for age. Among biochemical markers, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GTP) exhibited positive correlations with CAC, whereas high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) demonstrated an inverse relationship; however, traditional cardiovascular risk factors showed stronger independent associations in adjusted models. Conclusions: Fishermen exhibited a high burden of coronary artery calcification compared with the general population. Prolonged fishing duration and conventional cardiovascular risk factors independently contributed to CAC development. These findings highlight the need for tailored cardiovascular screening, risk management, and preventive strategies for fishermen and other high-risk occupational groups.

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