토양 수분 함량에 따른 고구마 수량 및 괴근의 형태에 관한 연구

초록

This study was conducted from 2023 to 2024 over a two-year period at the Affiliated Farm of the Naedong Campus, Gyeongsang National University, to analyze the changes in the morphology and yield of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) storage roots under different soil moisture levels. In the first year (2023), treatments included dry (DD), wet (WW), and normal (N) soil moisture levels. In the second year (2024), the treatment range was expanded to include dry (DD), semi-dry (D), semi-wet (W), wet (WW), and normal (N) conditions. The average soil moisture content during the growing season across the two years was 20.9% in DD, 21.1% in D, 31.3% in N, 38.5% in W, and 47.6% in WW. The results showed that both the length and diameter of storage roots were greatest under normal moisture conditions, reaching 20.9 cm and 21.3 cm in length, and 8.10 cm and 7.50 cm in diameter in 2023 and 2024, respectively. The length-to-diameter ratio under normal moisture ranged from 2.58 to 3.00, indicating a fusiform shape. The number of egg-shaped roots was also highest under normal conditions, averaging 3.87 and 5.06 roots per plant in 2023 and 2024, respectively. In contrast, the incidence of irregularly shaped roots increased under both dry and wet conditions. Total yield was also highest under normal moisture, with 3.15 and 4.86 tons per 10a recorded in 2023 and 2024, respectively. Compared to the normal treatment, yields decreased by an average of 54.4% under dry conditions and 47.3% under wet conditions. These findings suggest that soil moisture levels significantly affect the morphology and yield of sweet potato storage roots. Maintaining soil moisture at approximately 30% during the growing season enhances root enlargement and promotes the development of market-preferred egg-shaped roots, thereby improving both yield and quality.

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