주민공모형 입지선정 제도의 제안: 탄소중립을 위한 정의로운 전환에 대한 질서경제학적 접근

초록

This study proposes a new institutional framework, the “Community-driven Siting System,” grounded in the principles of Ordoliberalism and Institutional Economics, to overcome chronic problems in Korea's renewable energy transition such as project delays, community conflicts, and low resident acceptance. The empirical analysis of domestic and international precedents—including the UK's Community Benefit Agreement (CBA), the World Bank's Just Transition Agreement (JTA), and Denmark's community-cooperative wind energy model—reveals that existing participation systems have treated residents as passive beneficiaries rather than co-designers of policy. Consequently, procedural participation without institutionalized trust and fair distribution has failed to achieve sustainable social acceptance. This paper redefines resident participation as an element of economic order rather than a procedural formality. Drawing upon Eucken's theory of Ordoliberalism—which emphasizes “freedom within order”—and North's institutional efficiency, the Community-driven Siting System constructs a triple-layered conceptual framework of Participation Order, Distribution Order, and Trust Order. First, the Participation Order institutionalizes residents’ right to propose and evaluate project sites through an open competition mechanism, ensuring procedural legitimacy and democratic policy formation. Second, the Distribution Order establishes a Local Energy Trust Fund (LETF), allocating 3–5% of total project revenue to local reinvestment and enabling community-led fund management to realize circular justice. Third, the Trust Order introduces a transparent governance structure, including a national public information platform, regular community–government–developer councils, and trust-based evaluation indicators, to restore transparency and long-term social capital. Unlike the compensation-oriented participation schemes previously adopted in Korea, the Community-driven Siting System transforms the relationship between government, market, and community by embedding trust and justice directly into the institutional design. It thus represents a shift from a technocratic to a human-centered energy transition. By emphasizing participation, redistribution, and institutionalized trust as pillars of an economic order, this system establishes the foundation for a Participatory Just Transition that aligns economic efficiency, social fairness, and local autonomy. Ultimately, the proposed model contributes to sustainable governance and social cohesion in the energy transition process, presenting an Ordoliberal framework for equitable energy governance adaptable to both national and global contexts.

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