광해군대 영남지역 대북세력의 규모와 백운서원 건립

초록

This study identifies the scale of the Daebuk (Great Northerners) faction in the Yeongnam region during the reign of King Gwanghaegun and analyzes the process of the establishment and demolition of Baegun Seowon as a space for their political and academic solidarity. To this end, the scope of research on the Daebuk faction, which has previously focused on the Gyeongsang-udo area, was expanded to the entire Yeongnam region, and the political landscape of the Gwanghaegun era was organically analyzed within the relationship between the central and local governments through the medium of Baegun Seowon. The local gentry (Sajok) of Gyeongsang-udo formed the foundation of the Daebuk faction based on the academic homogeneity of the Namyong School. Following the Japanese invasions of Korea (Imjin War), they led the reconstruction of rural society and the formation of public opinion, while actively advancing into central politics during Gwanghaegun’s reign. In Gyeongsang-jwado, descendants of those who had maintained overlapping networks with both the Southern and Northern factions—such as Oh Un, Park Seong, and Hwang Yeo-il—were observed joining the Daebuk faction. Furthermore, as their influence within rural society grew, their power expanded into areas such as Yeongcheon, Yean, Andong, Pyeonghae, and Daegu. The establishment of Baegun Seowon provided an opportunity to receive official state recognition for Namyong’s scholarship at a time when the efforts to enshrine him in the Confucian Shrine (Munmyo) had not yet succeeded. Moreover, it functioned as a gathering space for the central Daebuk faction, including figures like Yi I-cheom and Heo Gyun, who led the Pyemoron (the argument for deposing the Queen Mother). Consequently, with the outbreak of the King Injo Restoration, Baegun Seowon was ultimately demolished alongside the collapse of the Daebuk faction.

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