산림 유래 약용·식용식물의 품질 표준화를 위한 지표성분 연구 동향

초록

Quality standardization of medicinal and edible plants has traditionally relied on the quantification of one or a few marker compounds. However, this approach is often insufficient for forest-derived medicinal and edible plants, whose chemical composition is strongly influenced by species identity, habitat conditions, geographic origin, cultivation system, harvest stage, post-harvest processing, and storage. This review discusses the conceptual framework, analytical strategies, and future directions for marker compound-based standardization of forest-derived plant resources. Particular emphasis is placed on the need to move beyond simple content-based evaluation toward an extended Q-marker framework that integrates ecological variability, multi-component profiling, chromatographic fingerprinting, chemometrics, bioactivity relevance, and validated analytical methods. HPLC-DAD, UPLC/UHPLC, LC-MS/MS, GC-MS, and metabolomics-based platforms are reviewed as key tools for marker identification, quantification, and quality assessment. In addition, the roles of PCA, HCA, PLS-DA, and OPLS-DA in origin discrimination and candidate marker selection are critically discussed, with attention to overfitting and validation requirements. This review highlights that reliable standardization of forest-derived medicinal and edible plants should be based on multi-site and multi-batch validation, ecological metadata, bioactivity-supported marker selection, and regulatory applicability. Such an approach may support raw material authentication, traceability, habitat suitability evaluation, functional product development, and evidence-based quality control.

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