개구부 위치 및 면적에 따른 저형상비 RC 벽체의 지진취약도 분석

초록

Reinforced concrete (RC) walls are widely used in low-, mid-, and high-rise buildings due to their high stiffness and excellent lateral load resistance. The failure mechanism of RC shear walls is governed not only by their aspect ratio but also significantly influenced by the presence and configuration of openings. According to ASCE 41-17, walls with an aspect ratio greater than 3 are classified as flexure-controlled, those with a ratio less than 1.5 as shear-controlled, and those in between as flexure–shear controlled. When openings are introduced, wall-piers and wall-spandrels are formed, which cause stress concentrations and reduce both stiffness and strength. Previous earthquake damage reports and experimental studies have shown that these changes frequently result in shear failure mechanisms around openings, reducing the ductility and energy dissipation capacity of the structure and potentially leading to localized collapse. Despite this, most domestic studies in Korea have focused on flexure-controlled RC walls, while systematic studies of inelastic shear behavior in squat RC walls particularly those with openings remain insufficient. This lack of research presents limitations in assessing the realistic seismic performance of RC walls commonly applied in low-rise buildings. To address this gap, this study investigates the seismic response and fragility of squat RC walls with various opening locations and area ratios. Nonlinear time history analysis using inelastic shear wall elements was conducted, along with incremental dynamic analyses, to evaluate the damage distribution and failure patterns for each parameter. The results aim to provide essential data for performance-based seismic design and practical seismic assessment of RC wall systems in low-rise structures.

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