1902년 송병순의 경남 서부 유람을 통해 본 시대인식

초록

This study examines the perception of the times held by Confucian scholars during the tumultuous transition to the modern era, based on the records of Song Byeong-sun's 1902 excursion to Jirisan. Song Byeong-sun began his journey on February 16, 1902, and returned home on March 28, a journey of about 40 days. The route passed through Okcheon, Chungcheongbuk-do → Muju, Jeollabuk-do → Geochang, Gyeongsangnam -do → Hapcheon → Jirisan in Sancheong → Hadong → Gurye → Jinju → Hamyang → Anui → and back to Geochang. The perceptions of the era revealed during this Jirisan excursion can be summarized into two main points. First, there was a reverence for the Sages of the past. Song Byeong-sun visited the historic sites of sages like Kim Gyeong-pil, Jeong Yeo-chang, Choi Suk-ryang, and Jo Sik, honoring their Confucian scholarship and seeking to carry on their legacy. This reflects the Yeonjae school's position of preserving Joseon's identity through Confucianism. Second is a wijeong-cheoksa orientation—guarding the orthodox way and rejecting heterodoxy—grounded in loyalty to the Ming (Daemyeong uiri) and the commemoration of loyalist figures. Touring sites tied to paragons of loyalty, Song and his companions reaffirmed Ming loyalism and the ethos of loyalty and righteousness. Kim Hoe-seok, for example, described Cheonwang Peak not merely as scenery but as a sublime vantage that “overawes Europe,” thereby articulating a Small China (Sojunghwa)-inflected imagination of the world; Song, at Yongcheon Jeongsa, explicitly underscored loyalty to the Ming, and at the Ok-san shrine to Jeong Mong-ju recalled the Hua–Yi distinction. Simseokjae’s excursion also expanded the Yeonjae network’s reach and cohesion, as numerous Yeonjae disciples, their kin, and members of the Nosa school joined at various points along the route. In its aftermath, literati from the Gangu region took part in publishing Song Byeong-seon’s Yeonjaejip and the Yeonjae school’s prosopographical register Gyesan Saboknok, and, together with Song Byeong-sun, actively promoted the restoration of the Mandongmyo ancestral rites—thereby assuming a central role within the Yeonjae school.

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