민주주의 순환 모델의 이론적 기초: 정당성, 상호성, 정의의 연쇄적 순환

초록

The aim of this article is to propose the theoretical foundations of a democratic cycle model. It begins by introducing the question of civic capacities as a new criterion for classifying models of democracy. On this basis, it reconstructs democratic theory into three models, preference aggregation, rational deliberation, and agonistic contestation, and argues that they share a common theoretical gap: none adequately explains the sequential renewal of the three core political norms of legitimacy, reciprocity, and justice. The central thesis of this article is that democracy is a dynamic system in which these three political norms continuously renew themselves through an asymmetrical sequential structure mediated by three civic capacities: democratic wildness, democratic sensibility, and democratic intelligence. This cycle is not merely descriptive but normatively required for sustaining the normative substance of democracy. To defend this claim, the article first distinguishes legitimacy, reciprocity, and justice as three irreducible and independent normative dimensions. It then develops democratic wildness, democratic sensibility, and democratic intelligence as the corresponding civic capacities and, finally, formulates the asymmetrical sequential structure linking these political norms and civic capacities through the concept of normative renewal. Rather than presenting a complete theory of the democratic cycle model, this article proposes the minimum theoretical foundations necessary for such a theory to be developed.

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