고려전기 女眞人에 대한 將軍職․鄕職 운용 양태와 의미

초록

Examined in this study is the practice of the Goryeo government bestowing to the Jurchens in the dynasty’s North, either a status as a military leader(將軍職) or a nominal local post(鄕職), as part of its overall efforts to maintain a relationship with the Northern tribes, since the reign of King Hyeonjong and through the reign of King Munjong. Examining the manner in which they were bestowed, and the meaning of bestowing such dual merits, will be the focus of this article. At first, in the early years the Goryeo government addressed the Jurchen representatives as ‘tribal leaders(酋長), then it chose to adopt the Chinese practice of providing border tribal elders(蕃長) with Military-based hierarchy ranks(武散階), and began bestowing the aforementioned military leader status to the Jurchens in the north. We can find various ranks from cases of bestowals such as Bongguk(奉國), Yeongsae(寧塞), Yuweon(柔遠), Hwehwa(懷化), Gwideok(歸德), from which we can also sense some shifts in their relationship with Goryeo. Meanwhile, the bestowal of local posts(“Hyangjik, 鄕職”) to the Jurchens employed no other than Goryeo’s own old tradition of providing entities regarded important by the government with such posts. This nominal local status structure was used as a general platform to manage the Jurchens. Overall, while the Jurchens who had the military leader status also had such local posts, but they generally preferred the former or put it in front of their title. This practice of a dual-status provision was modeled after the Goryeo institution concerning soldiers who had both Jeongjik(正職, regular obligations) posts and Hyangjik ranks. Incorporated into this kind of structure, the Jurchen tribal leaders operated within the confines of such Goryeo-centric order, and wielded power in their own habitat with the Goryeo-bestowed military leader status, while serving the Goryeo government in such capacity.

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