경상방언 의존명사 ‘텍’ 구문의 통사ㆍ의미적 특성과 담화 전략

초록

This study aims to elucidate the syntactic and semantic characteristics of the dependent noun 'tek[텍]' in the Gyeongsang dialect, which is actively used in colloquial speech, by comparing it with the central language's 'teok[턱]'. It also analyzes how 'tek[텍]' constructions are utilized as discourse strategies by speakers of the Gyeongsang dialect. Unlike the central language's 'teok[턱]', which only appears as a subject-dependent noun, the Gyeongsang dialect's 'tek[텍]' is widely used in sentences as a subject-dependent noun, a predicate-dependent noun, and an adverb-dependent noun. 'tek[텍]' seems to have acquired a broader semantic range through various constructions while retaining the lexical meaning of the central language's 'teok[턱]'. The semantic characteristics of 'tek[텍]' are more distinctly revealed through modal meaning. While the modal meaning of the central language's 'teok[턱]' constructions has been discussed only in terms of epistemic modality, this study confirms that 'tek[텍]' constructions perform both epistemic and deontic modal functions. Among the 'tek[텍]' constructions that reveal epistemic modality, the '-eul tek-i eopda[-을 텍이 없다]' construction expresses an attitude of certainty about the impossibility of a proposition's realization, while the '-n/neun tek-ida[-ㄴ/는 텍이다]' and 'NP tek-ida[NP 텍이다]' constructions express an attitude of uncertainty about a proposition. Furthermore, the 'tek[텍]' constructions realized as '-eul tek-i inna[-을 텍이 있나]' and '-eul tek-do eopda[-을 텍도 없다]' perform a deontic modal function, requesting the interlocutor not to perform the propositional act. This study analyzes how 'tek[텍]' constructions are utilized as discourse strategies by examining the implementation of modal meanings in actual discourse. As a result, it was found that speakers of the Gyeongsang dialect actively utilize 'tek[텍]' constructions in strategies such as 'elaboration', 'responsibility avoidance', and 'discourse conclusion'. Due to its broad semantic extension and the ability to combine with various preceding and following elements, the dependent noun 'tek[텍]' in the Gyeongsang dialect can be realized in multiple syntactic structures. Unlike the central language 'teok[턱]', which can only be replaced with the dependent noun 'ri[리]', the Gyeongsang dialect 'tek[텍]' can be replaced with various dependent nouns such as 'sem[셈]', 'pyeon[편]', 'chuk[축]', 'geot[것]', 'il[일]', and 'gyeok[격]'. The economic advantage of being able to replace various dependent nouns with just the form 'tek[텍]' and the functional advantage of performing both epistemic and deontic modal functions likely led to the high utilization of 'tek[텍]' constructions in the Gyeongsang dialect.

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