위성에서는 제재가 보이지 않는다: 평양의 개인자동차와 남포항 유류저장설비를 중심으로

초록

This study empirically analyzed the increase in private automobiles and the expansion of fuel storage infrastructure in N.Korea under sanctions, combining field research, interviews, and satellite data. Contrary to predictions that the N.Korean economy would collapse amidst the triple whammy of the Yoon Seok-yeol administration, signs of economic recovery, such as new buildings and increased vehicle traffic, have been observed in N.Korea since the COVID-19 pandemic, as seen from the border. This was confirmed through cross-validation using interviews and satellite data. These changes under sanctions are spreading not only in Pyongyang but also to new industrial and logistics hubs in major cities. These changes are analyzed as the result of a division of labor structure formed through the N.Korea-Russia alliance and strategic N.Korea-China communication, coupled with internal institutional and policy changes. Furthermore, this limited economic development can be seen as a result of, and even a limitation of, “limited economic reform and mosquito-net-enclosed economic openness.” This study focused on elucidating the dynamic changes in N.Korea’s economy and society through cross-validation of field, satellite, and legal and institutional frameworks.

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