18세기 유럽의 정치적 통합 담론 - 생피에르, 루소, 칸트의 영구평화 사상

초록

The subject of this article is the discourse of European integration by 18th-century thinkers Abbé de Saint-Pierre, Rousseau, and Kant. The fact that the keyword penetrating their discourse was ‘permanent peace’ reflects the peculiarity of European modern history in the 18th century, when wars continued to exist. Europe’s state system was suffering from war, with only 16 years of no war across the entire European continent in the 18th century. The Treaty of Westphalia ended the Thirty Year’s War in 1648, but the Westphalia system of balance of power also failed to establish peace in Europe. The history of 18th-century Europe opened with the War of the Spanish Succession(1702-1713/14). Even after that, large and small wars and conflicts persisted in 18th-century Europe. Appeals for peace continued to echo throughout the European continent as a reaction to the existing war. The logical conclusion of the peace appeal was embodied in the form of various suggestions of European political integration that began to increase in the 18th century, which will be introduced in this article.

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