Major compounds in Codonopsis lanceolata roots vary according to the pre-soaking solvent and number of steaming and drying cycles

초록

This study investigated changes in antioxidant capacity and bioactive components of Codonopsis lanceolata roots induced by “gujeunggupo”, a traditional processing method involving repeated steaming and drying, as well as by pre-soaking roots in different solvents (Takju, 95% ethanol, honey, or sugar) followed by varying numbers of steaming–drying (SD) cycles. Both the pre-soaking solvent and the number of SD cycles significantly influenced antioxidant capacity and compositional changes in the roots. Total polyphenol and flavonoid contents generally increased with increasing SD cycles, particularly during the early stages of processing, while the magnitude of change varied depending on the pre-soaking solvent. Lancemaside A, the major saponin in C. lanceolata, showed a marked increase after a single SD cycle following pre-soaking in spirits, sugar, Takju, or honey, but its levels tended to decline when more than two SD cycles were applied. Minor saponins, including lancemaside B, lancemaside G, and aster saponin Hb, exhibited similar trends. Overall, pre-soaking roots in sugar or 95% ethanol followed by a single SD cycle substantially enhanced total lancemaside levels, reaching values up to an order of magnitude higher than those reported in some previous studies.

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