중국과 미국의 기후외교와 국제기후 레짐의 영향

초록

Climate change has become one of the most important common challenges facing humanity in today’s international community, and international climate governance aimed at addressing this problem is significantly shaped by the policy choices and diplomatic strategies of great powers. In particular, the climate policies of China and the United States, which can be regarded as the world’s largest greenhouse gas emitters, are key factors influencing the norms and patterns of cooperation within the international climate regime. This study seeks to comparatively analyze the climate diplomacy of the Xi Jinping administration in China and the climate diplomacy of the first and second Trump administrations in the United States. Through this comparison, it examines how the policy frames and strategies of these two major powers have affected international climate governance. The study finds that the Xi Jinping administration has pursued a strategy of expanding China’s influence in the international community by promoting South–South cooperation and climate finance, establishing carbon markets, and strategically utilizing the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities (CBDR). By contrast, the Trump administration redefined climate and environmental issues as matters of industrial competitiveness and energy security within a state-centered nationalist framework, thereby rejecting multilateral cooperation. These policy shifts suggest that the divergent approaches of the United States and China have transformed the leadership structure of the international climate regime and indicate that global climate governance is moving away from a single-state-centered structure toward a more multipolar system of cooperation.

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