俛宇 郭鍾錫의 두류산 기행시 고찰

초록

This paper examines the travelogues of Myeonwoo (俛宇) Gwak Jongseok (郭鍾錫 1846~1919), a literatus from the Gangwoo region during the late Joseon period of transition to modernity. In particular, it focuses on the two series of travel poems he composed following his two excursions to Jirisan in 1877, titled Duryu Travelogue in Twenty-Five Poems (頭流 記行二十五篇) and Later Duryu Travelogue in Thirty Poems (後頭流記行 三十篇). The study explores his journeys to Jirisan and the distinctive characteristics and consciousness of the times reflected in these works. Gwak Jong-seok undertook six journeys in his lifetime, during which he produced over 500 travel poems. Among these, the only examples of serial mountain-travel poetry are the two works from his Jirisan trips. The key features of his Jirisan journeys can be summarized as follows: Transcendent, Integrative Gathering: His Jirisan excursion was a group undertaking that transcended factional divisions and fostered integration among the literati of the Gangwoo(江右) region. Myeonwoo(俛宇)’s climbing party comprised figures from multiple scholarly factions active in the area, including adherents of the Hanju School(寒洲學派) and the Seongjae School(性齋學派), such as Park Chi-bok(朴致馥), Heo Yu(許 愈), Kim Jin-ho(金鎭祜), and Lee Do-muk(李道默). Affection for Notable Figures: His journey served as a pilgrimage affirming a deep affection for renowned figures associated with Jirisan. He selected about ten individuals—such as Choi Chi-won, Okbo Go, Jo Sik, and Jeong Yeo-chang—who are frequently mentioned in Joseon-era Jirisan travelogues, and composed 懷人詩(“poems cherishing people”) to express his sentiments. Above all, this trip revealed his extraordinary love for people. Even after ascending Jirisan — historically revered as the “Southern Peak” (南嶽) — he paid little attention to its majestic scenery or panoramic views. Instead, he invoked various revered predecessors connected with the mountain and sought to commune with their spirits. In particular, he displayed special veneration for Nammyung Jo Sik, the wellspring of his own intellectual lineage and personal development. In the end, although he toured Jirisan, his focus was centered more on people than on the mountain itself. Annotated Travel Poetry: Myeonwoo’s Duryusan travel poems are notable for their extensive use of matched rhymes (次韻) and serial composition, and he excelled at crafting long-form classical poems. Most strikingly, nearly every poem is accompanied by detailed annotations (細 註) — a hallmark of his Duryusan travelogues. In these meticulous notes, he recorded profound emotions that could not be conveyed in brief verses, as well as minor local anecdotes and facts that might otherwise be overlooked. The densely packed notes beneath each poem’s title or lines give the impression of reading a local gazetteer of the Jirisan region. This practice was Gwak Jong-seok’s way of expressing his affection and concern for his homeland during a precarious period of transition to modernity, both domestically and internationally. It also reflects his intent to emphasize the importance of careful documentation.

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