The resveratrol monomer enhances resistance to bacterial pathogen through the activation of SA-NPR1 signaling pathway in Arabidopsis

초록

Resveratrol is stilbene phytoalexin that exhibits antimicrobial activity in diverse plant species. Although its direct antimicrobial effects have been investigated extensively, its role and regulatory mechanism in plant immune signaling remain unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that resveratrol enhances resistance to bacterial pathogens through activation of endogenous defense pathways in Arabidopsis thaliana. Resveratrol treatment reduced disease symptoms and bacterial growth caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pst DC3000) without exerting direct antibacterial activity and increased transcription of PATHOGENESIS-RELATED (PR) genes. Resveratrol promoted translocation of NONEXPRESSOR OF PATHOGENESIS-RELATED GENES 1 (NPR1) into the nuclear and failed to confer resistance in the npr1-1 mutant, which demonstrates that NPR1-mediated signaling is required for this response. Furthermore, resveratrol increased endogenous SA levels through transcriptional activation of SA biosynthesis genes. Accordingly, resveratrol-induced resistance and PR1 expression were abolished in the SA-deficient plants, which indicates that resveratrol-induces pathogen resistance depends on the SA signaling. In addition, resveratrol triggered rapid accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), suggesting that ROS may contributes to this immune response. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that resveratrol functions as an immune-activating molecule that enhances bacterial resistance through NPR1-dependent SA signaling and ROS accumulation in Arabidopsis.

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