군용 항공기 감항인증설계 권한위임제도 도입 방안에 관한 연구: 개인위임(DER)과 조직승인(DOA) 제도 비교

초록

The South Korean defense industry has achieved remarkable progress, highlighted by the full-scale mass production of the KF-21 fighter jet. However, this growth has inevitably led to a substantial increase in the workload for airworthiness certification. The current government-led direct certification system is experiencing severe bottlenecks due to limited personnel, which poses a significant risk of delaying development schedules and compromising flight safety. To overcome these limitations, this study aims to empirically derive the optimal alternative for a "Design Delegation System" that effectively utilizes private-sector capabilities. We conducted a comparative literature analysis of the Designated Engineering Representative (DER) system of the U.S. FAA and the Design Organization Approval (DOA) system of the European EASA. Subsequently, a survey was conducted among 15 key airworthiness certification experts from a domestic large-scale system integrator, the sole military aircraft system integrator in South Korea, applying the Simple Multi-Attribute Rating Technique (SMART). The empirical analysis revealed that experts identified "Ensuring Airworthiness Safety" (28.5%) and "Certification Processing Efficiency" (26.5%) as the most critical criteria. By applying the additive utility function, "DOA" was derived as the final priority alternative, reflecting its suitability for the South Korean defense ecosystem centered around large-scale system integrators. However, given practical constraints such as high initial costs, a significant proportion of experts (46.7%) proposed a "Phased Hybrid Model" that combines DER elements during the initial phase. Furthermore, a pilot application limited to specific companies and new aircraft models received overwhelming support (71.4%). Although the findings are limited to an exploratory policy judgment based on a specific large-scale system integrator's expert sample, this study proposes practical policy alternatives based on these empirical results. These include promoting pilot projects, establishing an independent airworthiness review system (System Audit), and amending legislation to secure procedural equivalence for future global Mutual Recognition Agreements (MRAs).

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