A. 솔제니친과 21세기 러시아 이념의 향배(向背)

초록

This article explores Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn’s late essays as a lens for understanding the contemporary condition, where Cold War, post–Cold War, and new Cold War dynamics coexist alongside open warfare following the 2022 Russia–Ukraine conflict. Once hailed as a “Cold War icon,” Solzhenitsyn lived through the ideological and civilizational fractures of the twentieth century, and tracing his thought offers insights into the renewed East–West and Left–Right antagonisms inside and outside Russia today. Pointing to the failures of Soviet nationality policy, which suppressed the distinctiveness of peoples, he urged the creation of a Russian nation-state grounded in Orthodoxy—a vision rejected by both conservative and progressive circles. This study highlights the intellectual path that led him to this “Russian idea,” with particular attention to his philosophy of history and reflections on national identity. It also considers his opposition to Ukrainian independence at the time of the Soviet collapse as a key to understanding the deeper roots of the current conflict. Finally, it reflects on why Solzhenitsyn’s thought, shaped by the upheavals of the last century, continues to hold relevance for the present.

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