산림의 입지 요인과 작업 면적이 산림작업 비용에 미치는 영향: 직영 벌채 사례지 대상

초록

The objective of this study is to analyze the effects of site factors and economies of scale on forest operation costs by type of activity. The dataset comprises stand level site conditions, forest conditions, and operation costs for projects directly managed by the Forestry Cooperative over a five year period from 2021 to 2025. The analysis revealed that the cost was highest for reforestation, followed by harvesting. According to the regression analysis, the explanatory power of the models for forest operations excluding vine removal and commercial thinning was found to be less than 0.5 however, the variables used in the analysis demonstrated statistical significance. In terms of marginal costs, an increase of 1 meter in the distance to the site resulted in an increase of 112,400 KRW/ha for reforestation and 2,100 KRW/ha for harvesting. Furthermore, it was observed that as the operation area increased, the cost decreased due to economies of scale. Specifically, this cost reduction amounted to 456,200 KRW/ha for reforestation and 416,700 KRW/ha for harvesting. Additionally, steeper terrain led to higher operational costs a 1° increase in slope resulted in a total cost increase of 580,400 KRW/ha. Notably, commercial thinning costs rose by 456,700 KRW/ha, indicating that harvesting operations are highly sensitive to slope gradient. These findings suggest that harvesting should be restricted in stands exceeding a certain slope threshold, or otherwise conducted through spatial intensification to leverage economies of scale. The results also underscore the necessity of establishing adequate forest roads during harvesting to ensure sustainable utility for subsequent silvicultural operations, including reforestation.

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