중국어 ‘의문사+VP+了’ 구문의 화용 의미 분석* - ‘是……的’ 구문과의 비교를 중심으로

초록

In Chinese, expressions such as ‘你什么时候来了?’ (When did you come?)—which follow the structure of ‘interrogative word + verb phrase + le’ — are often treated as erroneous expressions in the context of teaching the ‘shi……de’ construction. However, depending on the context and the speaker’s intent, such expressions can be pragmatically natural and appropriate. Sentences that combine interrogatives with ‘le’ differ from the ‘shi……de’ construction in terms of focus range and discourse presupposition, and they possess fundamentally different pragmatic functions. ‘le’ restructures the focus in interrogative constructions and often functions as an indirect speech act, implying meanings such as mirativity or rhetorical questioning. From a pragmatic perspective, the ‘shi……de’ construction is primarily used for conveying information, whereas the ‘interrogative word + verb phrase + le’ construction emphasizes the speaker’s emotions or attitudes. This analysis, which highlights the discourse-driven use of each construction, can help reduce common learner errors involving the substitution of ‘le’, and it offers a clearer principle for their differentiated use. Furthermore, the study underscores the importance of incorporating pragmatic context awareness into the teaching of grammatical phenomena.

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