러시아어 무인칭 서술어의 생성과 확장

초록

This study aims to examine the expansion of predicatives in Russian, analyzing the semantic and syntactic conditions under which this phenomenon occurs. Additionally, it explores the linguistic causes behind the development of predicatives and the impact of impersonal constructions on the grammatical system of Russian. Predicatives are morphologically invariable, occupy the predicate position in single-component sentences without a subject. They directly combine with a dative experiencer, and they tend to co-occur with infinitives or subordinate clauses that indicate the cause or background of the state. Since the 20th century, Russian has shown a distinct trend toward the formation of new predicatives. These lexical items primarily denote human physical and emotional states as well as evaluative attitudes. Furthermore, predicatives have been spreading in specific stylistic registers such as colloquial and slang speech. Another notable feature is the increasing number of predicatives derived from nouns, pronouns, and fixed expressions. Predicatives exemplify features of modern language, including morphological simplification, context dependence, and greater precision in meaning transmission through diverse nuances. Their function is determined by distributional characteristics such as sentence structure, rather than agreement or inflectional paradigms. These tendencies highlight the broader linguistic shift toward flexibility and contextual adaptation in Russian.

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