국내 요양병원 최근 4년(2021-2024년) 낙상사고 분석 - 치매군과 비치매군 비교를 중심으로 -

초록

This study aimed to identify the current status of fall accidents in Korean long-term care hospitals, compare hospital- and patient-related characteristics between dementia and non-dementia groups, and determine risk factors associated with the occurrence of fall-related harm in each group. A retrospective secondary data analysis was conducted on 5,107 fall incidents (dementia group: 2,008; non-dementia group: 3,099) reported through the Patient Safety Reporting System from 2021 to 2024. Data were analyzed using chi-square tests and binary logistic regression with SPSS/WIN 27.0. The rate of harm occurrence was significantly higher in the dementia group (81.6%) compared to the non-dementia group (74.6%, p<.001). Significant differences between the two groups were found in bed capacity (χ²=17.853, p<.001), location of the accident (χ²=41.202, p<.001), gender (χ²=118.478, p<.001), and age group (χ²=441.026, p<.001). In the dementia group, evening shifts (OR=1.377), night shifts (OR=1.511), bathrooms·showers (OR=1.739), and the 60–79 age group (OR=0.642) were significant predictors of harm. In the non-dementia group, female gender (OR=1.460) and the 60–79 age group (OR=0.766) were significant risk factors. The risk structures for fall-related harm differ significantly based on dementia status. These findings highlight potential directions for differentiated fall prevention strategies in long-term care settings, suggesting that organizational and environmental factors may warrant particular attention for patients with dementia, while individual patient characteristics may be more relevant for those without dementia. Future studies with stronger research designs and broader variable sets are needed to confirm and extend these results.

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