소나무 생목과 고사목의 수간류 발생 특성과 수목 구조의 관계

초록

In forest ecosystems, stemflow is a rainfall pathway through which precipitation reaches the forest soil together with throughfall. Although stemflow accounts for a small proportion of gross rainfall (c.a. 3%), it plays an important role in rate water redistribution and the transport of nutrients and microorganisms. Live coniferous trees have been reported to generate > ten-fold stemflow than dead counterparts. Stemflow is influenced by bark characteristics and tree morphology, while crown loss and bark detachment during mortality may alter stemflow generation. This study compared stemflow generation between live and dead pine trees and examined relationships between stemflow generation and tree structural characteristics associated with mortality. Stemflow volume was monitored for five live and five dead Japanese red pine trees (Pinus densiflora Siebold & Zucc.) in the Gajwa Experimental Forest from May to October 2025. Analysis of covariance with basal area as a covariate and principal component analysis were conducted. A significant interaction was found between mortality status and basal area (p = 0.035), and the relationship between basal area and log-transformed total stemflow volume was steeper in dead trees than in live trees. Total stemflow volume showed similar directions to tree height, basal area, crown size, and branch number, and PC1 explained 44.0% of the variance. Mean total stemflow volume was approximately 1.3 times greater in live trees than in dead trees, whereas dead trees showed considerable among-tree variability. Some dead trees generated approximately 1.3–5.4 times more total stemflow than comparable live trees and were positioned near stemflow-related variables in the principal component analysis. These results indicate that stemflow generation is associated not only with mortality status but also with tree size, crown structure, and stem characteristics. Further quantitative research on bark detachment, roughness, and water storage capacity is needed to clarify the effects of bark changes on stemflow generation.

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