마그레브 민족주의 운동의 기원 - 튀니지, 모로코를 중심으로 -

초록

This study examines the origins of nationalist movements in the Maghreb region through Tunisia's Constitutional Democratic Party(Destour) and Morocco’s Moroccan Action Committee(Comité d’action marocaine). The Maghreb nationalist movement was spearheaded by indigenous intellectuals who appropriated the political ideology, institutions, and culture of the French colonial motherland. The primary mode of nationalist activity was press work, and the nationalist discourse produced by these intellectuals often originated in Paris, then regarded as the world capital where colonisers and colonised interacted. The nationalist ideology thus arrived from outside, not from within. The indigenous elite’s demand for equal rights highlighted the most fundamental issue within the colonial system’s inherent and enduring contradictions: the question of citizenship. Moroccan and Tunisian nationalists, having endured two world wars, vacillated between two objectives: securing equal citizenship rights and achieving complete independence. The first objective, following the First World War, was to demand equal rights with the French without resisting French rule under the protectorate. In Tunisia after the First World War, the Constitutional Liberal Party demanded nine articles in February 1920, while in Morocco, a comprehensive nationalist reform plan, the “Moroccan Reform Plan”, was promoted in 1934. However, the French government’s response to demands for reform within the colonial society under the protectorate was delayed or non-existent. With the outbreak of the Second World War, Maghreb nationalists became radicalised. As France's military and economic dominance weakened following its defeat in the war against Germany, demands transformed into calls for the establishment of independent nation states.

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