김수영 시에 나타나는 젠더 인식의 구조적 한계 연구 - ‘해석학적 부정의’를 중심으로 -

초록

This study aimed to analyze the representation of women and the modes of their manifestations in Kim Su-young’s literature. Previous scholarship has largely dichotomized the poetic subject’s utterances into either “advocacy” based on historical context or “criticism” centered on gender sensitivity. However, such an approach limits the poetic subject to the poet’s individual ethics or private intentions, thereby failing to capture the broader “epistemological structure” surrounding female subjects’ perceptions at the time. In response, this paper reinterprets the misogynistic discourse in Kim’s poetry not as a personal moral defect, but as a “structural limitation” of an era that lacked the hermeneutical resources to articulate female agency. Focusing on the phenomenon through which the poet’s attempts to express existential suffering inadvertently revert to derogatory language, this study examines how the period’s dominant knowledge systems and linguistic resources refracted the poetic subject’s mode of utterance. Specifically, the quantitative and qualitative analyses revealed that terms for his wife, such as yeopyenne (a derogatory term) and anae (wife), were used with a similar frequency to reflect the bifurcated consciousness of the poetic subject. To elucidate this, this study introduces Miranda Fricker’s concept of “hermeneutical injustice,” reframing the violent discourse as a matter of “deficiency in collective hermeneutical resources” rather than an individual flaw. Hermeneutical injustice refers to a structural unfairness, in which a particular group’s social experiences are not publicly understood because of a gap in shared interpretive resources. The society of the time lacked the conceptual tools to name egalitarian relationships with women, an epistemological inequality directly projected onto Kim's texts. Consequently, the harsh discourse in his work is less a product of moral immaturity than a literary manifestation of a “period-specific ignorance”— a state of longing for modern “freedom” while lacking the conceptual framework to define horizontal gender relations. In conclusion, this study provides a meticulous analysis of the structural frustration of a poetic subject who, unable to secure the language to legitimately name existential agony and gendered contradictions, was compelled to speak through the “denigration and violence” inherent in the patriarchal order. This confirms that Kim Su-young’s poetic texts transcend mere emotional expression; they serve as dynamic sites of linguistic struggle where the “hermeneutical injustice” caused by a deficiency in interpretive resources is both visualized and fiercely contested.

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