문화콘텐츠 속의 요괴에 나타난 상징적 의미: <센과 치히로의 행방불명>을 중심으로

초록

‘Yōkai’ in Japanese cultural content has become an important element representing modern Japanese culture. In Korea, research on Yōkai in cultural content is mainly conducted through animation, but most studies focus on the "form" of Yōkai with insufficient analysis of its "symbolic meaning". This study aims to revisit the symbolic meanings of yōkai in Hayao Miyazaki's Spirited Away by analyzing the yōkai featured in the film. In the world of Spirited Away, two realms coexist: the real world and the spirit world. The spirit world represents Japan itself, and its bathhouse is created through Miyazaki's personal experiences, Japanese bathing culture, and rituals such as the Shimotsuki Matsuri and Hanamatsuri. The movie portrays the concept of "Kamigakushi" or the mysterious disappearance of a person. Material elements such as torii gates, tunnels, and bridges serve as boundaries that connect the real world with the spirit world, symbolizing the transition to the spirit world. Meanwhile, the time of dusk, as the boundary between day and night, suggests the appearance of Yōkai. The Yōkai in Spirited Away can be divided into three roles based on their relationship to the protagonist, Chihiro. The helpers, such as Haku, Kamaji, and Lin, symbolize goodness and compassion. The ruler, Yubaba, symbolizes the duality of good and evil. The antagonists, including Okusare-sama and Kaonashi, symbolize disaster and purification.

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