단일 세포 RNA 분석을 통한 위장관계 암의 분석: 위험도, 예후 및 약물 반응성의 관점으로

초록

Gastrointestinal cancers are a major cause of global cancer mortality, characterized by profound cellular heterogeneity and complex tumor microenvironments that challenge effective treatment. Traditional bulk RNA sequencing fails to resolve this complexity; however, single-cell RNA sequencing has emerged as an important technology that provides transcriptomic analysis at the individual cell resolution. This review explores the pivotal contributions of single-cell RNA sequencing to gastrointestinal cancer research, emphasizing its potential to investigate intratumoral heterogeneity; characterize diverse cell subtypes such as cancer cells, immune cells, and cancer-associated fibroblasts; and discover their interactions. We discuss the development of prognostic gene signatures and risk-scoring models that effectively stratify patients, guiding personalized therapeutic strategies. This review explores how single-cell RNA sequencing, often integrated with patient-derived organoids, is applied in predicting drug response and revealing the mechanisms of therapeutic resistance. Acknowledging current limitations such as data sparsity, we outline the future trajectory of the field. The integration of single-cell RNA sequencing with multiomics, spatial transcriptomics, and artificial intelligence promises to accelerate the discovery of novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets, ultimately guiding the way for precision medicine for patients with gastrointestinal cancer.

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