학교 공간의 교육효과 척도 개발 및 타당화

초록

Objectives The purpose of this study is to develop and validate the “Effectiveness of School Space Scales for School Students” in order to measure the educational effects perceived by students following the improvement of school spaces. Methods For this purpose, this scale was developed through a literature review of previous studies and in-depth interviews with stakeholders, resulting in 75 items categorized into four factors: “School space fundamental con dition”, “school space specialized condition”, “school space utilization experience,” and “educational outcomes.” In the study 1, an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted on 228 elementary school students as a scale refinement. Following a process of revision and refinement, a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) with final 68 items was conducted on 273 elementary school students and 308 middle school students to assess The psychometric properties of the scale, including reliability and validity. Results The EFA results confirmed a final scale consisting of four factors: School space fundamental condition, school space specialized condition, school space utilization experience, and educational outcomes, with a total of 68 items. To verify the validity of the overall factor structure, CFA was performed, yielding the following results: χ²=735.808(p<.001), CFI=.943, TLI=.933, and RMSEA=.083, confirming the validity of the scale. Furthermore, an analysis of the fit for each of the four domains revealed the following: for school space perception, CFI=.951, TLI=.939, RMSEA=.063; for school space specialization, CFI=.941, TLI=.925, RMSEA=.075; for school space uti lization experience, CFI=.973, TLI=.963, RMSEA=.077; and for educational outcomes, CFI=.942, TLI=.934, RMSEA=.067, indicating that the factor structures of each subdomain were appropriate. The reliability analysis of the scale showed a Cronbach’s alpha of .981 for the overall scale, and .932, .942, .959, and .955 for the four do mains, respectively, indicating high reliability. Conclusions The Effectiveness of School Space Scale is a reliable and valid tool for assessing the educational ef fects perceived by students based on their perceptions of school space elements and their experiences of utilizing the school space.

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