Silver nanoparticles for energy storage devices: synthetic strategies, interfacial chemistry, and emerging applications

초록

Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) have emerged as versatile functional nanomaterials for advanced electrochemical energy-storage technologies owing to their unique physicochemical characteristics and interfacial activity. Through rational integration into electrode and electrolyte architectures, Ag nanodomains can regulate structural evolution, stabilize electrochemical interfaces, and enhance the reversibility of charge-storage processes, thereby addressing critical challenges in energy density, power capability, and cycling stability. This review comprehensively summarizes recent advances in the synthesis, structural engineering, and energy-storage applications of Ag NPs, with particular emphasis on the structure-property-performance relationships that govern their multifunctional roles. The diverse contributions of Ag nanostructures to supercapacitors, rechargeable ion batteries, and metal batteries are systematically examined, highlighting their ability to improve active-material utilization, reaction kinetics, interfacial stability, and long-term electrochemical performance. We closely evaluated representative applications in supercapacitors and rechargeable battery systems, with a particular focus on all-solid-state batteries, where silver-based interfacial engineering offers effective pathways to stabilize the metal-anode interface and mitigate dendrite formation. Furthermore, the challenges associated with cost, nanoparticle stability, scalability, and sustainable implementation are critically assessed. At the same time, future directions involving atomic-scale Ag engineering, single-atom architecture, operando characterization, and advanced solid-state battery technologies are discussed. Overall, this review establishes Ag NPs as promising multifunctional building blocks for next-generation high-performance and sustainable energy-storage systems.

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