알타이 공화국의 언어 상황 연구

초록

In the Republic of Altai, one of the 89 subjects within the Russian Federation, I researched the situation of Russian, the state language of the Russian Federation and also Altai, the state language of the republic. Since the early 1990s, the Altai Republic, which gained republic status as an autonomous state during the breakup of the Soviet Union, has established a policy of establishing an indigenous-led ethnic language as a state language and expanding the area of use, like other ethnic republics. But in the linguistic environment of Russian language speakers, including Russians who arrived under the Soviet-era resettlement policy, the Altaic language is at risk of extinction. In other words, the Law on Languages of 1992 and the Constitution of the Republic of 1997 set Altai language as a state language and promoted its preservation and development, but the Federal state language Russian was also set up as a state language of the Republic, and in accordance with the Federal Law on Education of 2018, Russian was included as a native of individual ethnic Russians, so that it could be protected as a minority language. In addition, even the rural village schools where the Altai congregated switched the language of education in the lower grades to Russian, and the city was reduced to 2-3 hours per week. This Altai language crisis is no different from other ethnic republics. This is because in these republics, the ethnic-linguistic situation gradually changes in favor of Russians, Russian. First, the Russian Federation is only one subject, but the Russian language, which has the status of a Federal state language and a mother tongue, is a compulsory education subject. Second, Russia language is essential in the communication between 190 nationalities as a means of inter-ethnic communication in the Russian Federation. Third, titular languages, including Altai, which are defined as the state language of the Republic, cannot exceed the level of Russian, which is the Federal state language and the state language of the Republic. Fourth, the government of the Russian Federation has given the status of mother tongue to the Russian language in the revised Education Law of 2018, and has taken a policy of making mother tongue education the choice of parents and students to educate the Russian language as mother tongue and gradually discontinue the education of the rest of the titular languages. Fifth, the Altai Republic was active in adopting a parliamentary-led policy of Altai conservation and development, but the republic's government was reluctant to do so, knowing that Altai was on the brink of extinction.

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